Even this lower-level return seems attractive compared to current rates on most fixed-income instruments. Covered writing does incur some risks. One might, for example, write a call on a stock whose price then drops by much more than the sum of the proceeds from the call sale and dividend payments. Alternatively, the price of the optioned stock could increase substantially once the position is established. Clearly, option writing involves significant risks. But what type of investing offers attractive returns with no risk? Covered option writers should not be expecting home run—like returns.
Rather, their objective should be to earn reasonably attractive and steady returns with a limited amount of risk. To pursue this objective effectively requires attention to detail both when setting up the positions and when monitoring them over time. If a call is written against an existing stock position and ends up being exercised, the gain or loss on the stock represents a capital gain or loss for the investor.
The marginal rate on ordinary income rises to If a call is written and expires worthless or is covered with an offsetting purchase, the difference between its sale price and the cost of covering zero if the call expires without being exercised is classified as a short-term gain or loss regardless of how long the call position was in place. IRS classifies a trade that starts out with a short sale as short-term regardless of whether the sale is said to have preceded the covering purchase.
Clearly, the investor would prefer to have income in the form of long-term capital gains rather than taxed as ordinary income. Consider what types of stocks tend to be attractive option writing candidates. Since one of the main sources of return for option writers is the dividend, stocks selected for covered writing should have generous and secure dividend yields. Not only does a high dividend yield provide a significant part of the desired return, if it is sustainable, the dividends will also tend to support the stock price even when the overall market is under pressure.
Only if the company itself has a strong position within its served market and earns a profit rate that comfortably covers the dividend does a generous current dividend rate provide the kind of protection that is likely to limit losses in a declining market. Preferably, the company would not only sport an attractive and sustainable dividend yield but it would also have growth potential. The covered option writer could then seek to capture some of this price appreciation potential by writing calls that are a bit out of the money strike price above current stock price.
- Covered Calls and Dividends - Understanding the Relationship Between Covered Calls and Dividends.
- How to Write Calls on Stocks That Pay Dividends;
- Writing Covered Calls on High Dividend Stocks.
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In summary, stocks with generous and sustainable dividends that are expected to grow generally represent attractive candidates for a covered option portfolio. Stocks selected for the Dow tend to be mature industry leaders, most of whom pay relatively generous dividends that they tend to be able to maintain.
The 10 with the highest yields are called the Dogs of the Dow, most of which would be classified as value stocks. AAII tracks a Dogs of the Dow screen that lists the current Dow dogs, along with their indicated dividend yields, at www. Dividend aristocrats are stocks that have increased their dividends annually for at least the last 25 years. Clearly such stocks are very likely to have sustainable dividends, based on their past performance.
Dividend aristocrats with high yields are reasonable candidates for covered option writing. Options are not written in a vacuum. In particular, stocks with a modest degree of anticipated volatility and high dividend yields tend to have lower call prices than more volatile stocks with little or no dividend yield. Still, if the objective is to produce consistently attractive returns, sticking to less-volatile stocks with decent dividend yields is probably a good idea.
Options can be written at various strike prices and with various lengths to expiration. The further the option is out of the money, the greater the potential upside from price appreciation, but the lower the market price of the option. Selecting a higher strike price option could result in a significantly greater upside.
This greater upside may seem attractive. But if the stock price falls or does not rise much, the lower strike option would have produced a better outcome. The call writer must also decide how long an option to write. While the market price increases as the term is lengthened, the rate per month usually declines as length rises. Thus the option writer might be able to earn a somewhat higher return per period by writing shorter-term options. Such an approach has some significant disadvantages, however. Specifically, the more times one must buy and sell options and stock, the greater the transactions costs and the greater the likelihood of adverse tax results.
Moreover, one can get whipsawed by short-term price fluctuations.
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So option writers should generally set up their initial covered call positions with relatively long-term options. Writing one-year options is a pretty good place to start. That way if the stock reaches the strike price and is exercised, the position will give rise to long-term capital gains, which are taxed at a favorable rate. Moreover, writing one-year options gives the situation time to evolve favorably.
That is, the stock has a reasonable opportunity to rise and the investor can hold the stock long enough to earn several dividend payments. First, compute the return if the stock is at the same price at option expiration as it was when purchased. In this case the gain would be equal to the sum of the dividends to be received plus the proceeds from the option sale. The return would be this gain divided by the cost of the position.
For example, if the stock had a 3. An attractive covered position should generate a decent return in this circumstance. This is the same percentage number as the gain on the transaction if the stock price did not change. That is, the sum of the dividends and proceeds from the option sale. Note that if the stock falls further, the position will show a loss. For a nine-month call, the annual return is this sum divided by the cost of the position, which has already been calculated above.
The covered option position should only be established if the investor finds each of these calculated numbers attractive. When a company declares a dividend, it establishes the day that determines who receives that dividend, referred to as the record date.
How Dividends Impact Covered Calls
Those who are on record as owning the stock on that date will be paid the dividend even if they sell their shares before the checks are sent out. Because settlement of trades takes three business days, you must have purchased the stock three or more days prior to the record date in order to receive the dividend. The first day after the last day for owning the stock and being paid the dividend is called the ex-dividend date. Those who trade options need to keep an eye on ex-dividend dates of stocks on which they have written options. If the call owner chooses to exercise the option just before the ex-dividend date, they will capture the dividend.
Covered Calls and Dividends
If they let it pass, the covered writer will receive it. The best way to do this is to have a well-defined plan in place to guide both the selection of underlying stocks and the selection of call options to minimize the risk of the option being called away and maximize total income. If you are a fan of the income generation of a dividend stock portfolio, adding covered calls to the strategy is a great way to create even more income.
The Snider Method is designed to help investors maximize income from covered call option strategies using a well-defined strategy that takes dividends and other factors into account, including portfolio construction, capital allocation, and trade management. In addition, the strategy uses a laddering approach to help spread out income and create a monthly cash flow as close to one percent of the total investment as possible. Register for a free online course to learn more about The Snider Method, or for those interested in managed accounts, see our full-service asset management options.
Dividends can have a significant impact on covered call strategies since it impacts the price of the underlying stock. For many large-cap companies, the impact of dividends is minimal and already priced into the options, but there may be less income potential from these companies.
What Is a Put Option
Investors should be most careful with high-yield dividend stocks that may be more volatile, although the potential income from these companies can be higher. Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email. Most companies pay dividends to their shareholders and these dividends can have a significant impact on covered call strategies.
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Get Started! Avoiding pain and pursuing comfort is the healthy, innate, human response to situations. The higher it goes, the more your position increases in value. That hardly seems fair, does it?
The Impact of Dividends on Covered Calls
But what does make it fair is that the dividend is factored into the pricing of the option to begin with. You can easily see the impact dividends have on covered call option pricing on your own by checking out the option chain on both dividend paying and non dividend paying stocks. Look at those stocks trading at an at the money strike price.